 | | page 1 | | 1: | Нгвнанта lemma: ŋaw°na 'past'
form: adv.poss-3sg
translation: Long ago there lived two Wayas.
хунананта lemma: xunana 'ago'
form: adv.poss-3sg
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
танявэхэ’. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
inferential/narrative (N. 93)
default (present/aorist) tense is unmarked (N. 80), not indicated in glosses by Nikolaeva
Сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: The two Wayas lived on the river bank.
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
default singular and nominative/absolutive case are morphologically unmarked (and, again, not glossed by Nikolaeva)
яха’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
вархана lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.loc
илевэхэ’. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
Ича lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: The width of the river which flows in the Northern Sea (lit. of stinking water) is hundred fathoms.
нгабченя lemma: ŋəbtʹe 'stink'
form: ptcp-ipf
participles: for relative clauses, they ”define a fully-fledged clausal domain” (types: ipf, pf, fut, neg; N. 107)
ямд’ lemma: yam 'sea'
form: sg.dat
dative: has a lative (denoting motion towards) function as well, as in Mansi
ха”морта lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: ptcp-ipf
яха’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
лата lemma: lata 'broad'
form: adjective
юр” lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
чибя, lemma: tʹībʹa 'foot'
form: sg.nom
тарча lemma: tərcʹa 'such'
form: relative
translation: They lived near such a river, by the rivermouth.
яха’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
хэвхана lemma: xǣw°xəna 'near'
form: preposition
илевэхэ’, lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
яха’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
малхана. lemma: mal° 'end'
form: sg.loc
| | 2: | Яхади’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.nom.poss-3dl
translation: Their river split into two channels.
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
таркавна lemma: tarka 'fork'
form: sg.prol
хэвы, lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
мячи’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.poss-3dl
translation: Their tent stood on the cape of the split
тарка lemma: tarka 'fork'
form: sg.nom
саляна lemma: səlʹa 'cape'
form: sg.loc
нгэвы. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
Чики lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: These two Wayas didn’t have many reindeer, only 300
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Ваянт lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
нгока lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
тыди’ lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-3dl
юнггу”, lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.poss-3pl
non-verbal predicates, inflected for tense: pos tənʹa°, neg yəŋku (N. 250)
тыди’ lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-3dl
няхар” lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
юр”. lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
Няхар” lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
translation: Five children of the older Waya were busy looking after (lit. gathering) their 300 reindeer.
юр” lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
текочамчи lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.acc.dim.poss-3dl
малламбада lemma: məq°lampə 'gather'
form: ptcp-ipf.ess
essive -ŋe° (N. 39)
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Вай’ lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
самблянгг lemma: səmp°lʹaŋk° '5'
form: text numeral
нгачекы lemma: ŋəcʹeki° 'child'
form: sg.nom
таня. lemma: tənʹa°
form: pos
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya was married,
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
несавей, lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.nom.propr
proprietive -sawey° (N. 32)
нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: (but) the younger Waya didn’t have a wife yet
Ваянт lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
неда lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
тамна lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
юнггу. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
Нянта lemma: nʹa (2) 'companion, brother'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
translation: He lived in his brother’s tent.
мякана lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
иле. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3sg.prs
Сяны lemma: sʹa°qni° 'after a while'
form: adverb
translation: Once, the older Waya said:
нгэбту’ lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond.poss-3sg
Nenets conditional is technically a non-finite form, using nominal possessive (not predicative) endings to mark the subject (N. 110).
нго” lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
definite use of poss.suffix: ʹand this Waya of yours...ʹ
ʹa raz ti tento tvoj veľký Waya, no čože ti nepovie!ʹ
нив” lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
dubitative =m°h ʹindeedʹ (N. 121)
ман”: lemma: ma 'say'
form: conneg
connegative form (formally as subj. 2sg.imp: ʹindeed do say!ʹ, N. 115)
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: ʺLittle Waya, autumn has arrived.ʺ
Вае”, lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.foc
focus =(ŋo)w°/=ey° (N. 118)
нумта lemma: num 'sky'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
??
чедав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
affirmative -xəwa (N. 129)
нгэрёйма. lemma: ŋerʹo 'autumn'
form: an-pf
annotated autumn.V by Nikolaeva
Тэми’ lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.nom.poss-1dl
translation: ʺWe have 300 reindeer.ʺ
няхар” lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
юр”. lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
| | 3: | Илебчам’ lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
translation: ʺLet’s go hunting for wild reindeer.ʺ
хадаванчь lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: conv.purp
purposive converb/final gerund -məncʹ° (ʹto huntʹ, ~ ловитъ?, N. 110)
converbs: frozen case forms of deverbal nouns
хэхэва”. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 1pl.hort
Тэсавей lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.nom.propr
translation: ʺWe will travel on reindeer.ʺ
хантани’. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 1dl.fut
Нюкчини lemma: ŋəcʹeki° 'child'
form: pl.nom.poss-1dl
translation: ʺMy children will stay at home to protect the tent.ʺ
мякана lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
хаёя” lemma: xay 'remain'
form: 3pl.juss
мядм’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc
лэтрамба. lemma: let°rampə 'protect'
form: conv.mod
modal converb -° (ʹwhile protectingʹ, ~ хранѧще?, N. 110)
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The little Waya said:
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
манома: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
Cyr. form differs, as given by Nikolaeva
Нгэява. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
alt.analysis: asrt
translation: ʺOk.ʺ
assertive =ma/=wa (N. 120)
Тарем’ lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: ʺIf you say so, what (could go) wrong?”
мамбат lemma: ma 'say'
form: cond.poss-2sg
нгамгэда lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
вэва? lemma: wǣwa 'bad'
form: adjective
Хуняна lemma: xūnʹana 'tomorrow'
form: adverb
translation: The next morning they got up and ate.
юркыд” lemma: yurkiə 'wake up'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
нгорнга”. lemma: ŋo°rŋa 'eat'
form: 3pl.prs
Там lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: sg.gen
translation: Then they made a small summer tent.
мядикодамту’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.dim.predest-3pl
acc. predestinative: object of ”typically verbs of creation and change of location” (N. 74)
серта”. lemma: sʹerta 'do'
form: 3pl.prs
Нгамгэри’ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen.lim
translation: Why have a big tent when you can have a small one? A small tent to carry on a small sledge!
limitative -rʹi (ʹonlyʹ, N. 124)
толаха lemma: toql°xa 'like'
form: adverb
мядикоча lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.dim
нгэбта lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond.poss-3sg
syntax: ??
нго”, lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
нгамгэ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
мя” lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom
нгэвна, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.reput
reputative -məna/-w°na (ʹas ifʹ, ending as nominal prolative?, ”some kind of irrealis comparision”, N. 104)
glossed ”rep” in the source
мяпой lemma: mʹapoy° 'small sledge'
form: sg.nom
мядикоча. lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.dim
| | 4: | Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya seemed to have about 50 sledges.
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
самблянгг lemma: səmp°lʹaŋk° '5'
form: text numeral
юд lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
мян lemma: mʹan° 'about'
form: adverb
хан lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.nom
нгэрха. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
approximative (situation witnessed by or familiar to the speaker, N. 101)
Ханянгы lemma: xənʹaŋi° 'which'
form: sg.nom
translation: Some of them were loaded,
черсавэй lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom.propr
нгэдякы”, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob-ipf
probabilitative (based on -t(ʹ)aqxiə, less certain than dubitative, N. 99)
ханянгыду’ lemma: xənʹaŋi° 'which'
form: sg.nom.poss-3pl
translation: and some were empty.
черсяда lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: ptcp-ipf
нгэдякы”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob-ipf
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: Older Waya’s wife took ten sledges.
Вай’ lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
не lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.nom
ю” lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
ханм’ lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc
сода. lemma: soda° 'take along'
form: 3sg.prs
Хуняна lemma: xūnʹana 'tomorrow'
form: adverb
translation: The next day they left.
ямдэйд”. lemma: yamteyə 'move on'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
Нгэрё’ lemma: ŋerʹo 'autumn'
form: sg.gen
translation: The three of them set off travelling in the month of great darkness, in autumn, in the month of wild reindeer bulls (October).
genitive: marks some temporal adjuncts (N. 61)
lit.: In autumn (gen), in the month of bulls (loc?), of their moving in the month of big darkness (acc??), they, being tree, were. (?)
ёльчанггана, lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
мар” lemma: mər° 'wild reindeer bull'
form: pl.gen
ирыхана, lemma: yiri° 'month'
form: sg.loc
ямдаванту’ lemma: yamta 'move'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-3pl
imperfective action nominal/infinitive: clausal nominalization denoting simultaneous or posterior event (ʹof movingʹ, грѧдѫщїихъ?, perfective denote anterior ones, N. 108)
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
пэвдё lemma: pǣw°dʹa 'darkness'
form: sg.gen
ирым’ lemma: yiri° 'month'
form: sg.acc
няхарнгэ lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
alt.analysis: sg.ess
мэнга”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs
Morphem -ŋa is regularily attached to vowel-final stems (N. 26). It also appears as an augmentative suffix (p.139).
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: When the great darkness had finished, the sun started to appear little by little.
lit. ѿ веле-тьмꙑ съврьшенїа, по малꙋ слъньце мꙋ ꙗви сѧ
пэвдя’ lemma: pǣw°dʹa 'darkness'
form: sg.gen
ёльчемахад lemma: yolcʹ° 'finish'
form: an-pf.abl
хача lemma: xəcʹah 'a bit'
form: adverb
хаерта lemma: xayer 'sun'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
нгадимя. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
Чедав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: There were many wild reindeer at that time.
ильча” lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.nom
нгоканю”. lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: excl
exclamative!
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya said:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
манома: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
Тюкон’ lemma: tʹukon°h 'to here'
form: adv.dat
translation: ”Let’s camp here!”
directional adverb (N. 50)
нгэсохава”! lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: 1pl.hort
| | 5: | Мяту’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
translation: They set up a tent there.
formally nom? (acc.poss-3pl: -m-toh, N. 67)
та’ lemma: tə 'summer'
form: adv.gen
мэду’. lemma: me° 'set up'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Тэкочиду’ lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.nom.dim.poss-3pl
translation: They had about 60 reindeer.
мат” lemma: mət°q '6'
form: text numeral
ю” lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
нгэдакы. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya saw:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
сырнга: lemma: si°rŋa 'look'
form: 3sg.prs
нерняна lemma: nʹer°nʹana 'before'
form: adverb
translation: there was a river with willow bushes on the bank in front of them.
неро lemma: nʹero 'willow bush'
form: sg.nom
варта lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
яха lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.nom
нгэвы. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
Тяха lemma: tʹax° 'back'
form: adverb
translation: Wild reindeer could be seen on the other side of the river
нянгы lemma: nʹa 'at'
form: adjective
хэвхад lemma: xǣw° 'side'
form: sg.loc
илебча” lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.nom
нгади”. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3pl.prs
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya went out of the tent (lit. appeared, started to be visible) and said:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
мякад lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.abl
нгадимя, lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Ебтов”, lemma: yebtow° 'darling'
form: sg.nom.foc
translation: ”Dear, what can you see?”
нгамгэм’ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.acc
маненганэй”? lemma: məneq 'see'
form: 2sg.prs.foc
Тайна lemma: tay°na 'there'
form: demonstrative
translation: ”It seems there is prey there.”
ханъеда lemma: xanʹeda 'prey'
form: sg.nom
нгэрха. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
Чикы lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: After they started hunting on that land, they filled all their sledges to the top
lit. ʹafter the begin of their hunt on this place...ʹ
яхана lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.loc
тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
ханелманчи’ lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-pf.inch.poss-3dl
сямян lemma: sʹamʹan° 'most'
form: adverb
ханамчи’ lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc.poss-3dl
малнгэ lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
пандейди’. lemma: pan°de 'fill'
form: 2/3dl.prs.obj-pl
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya said:
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
манома: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
Чебта’ lemma: tʹebta 'tomorrow'
form: adv.gen
translation: ”We could leave tomorrow,”
ямданггуначь, lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 1pl.fut-pst.refl
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
translation: ”but one of my big sledges is empty.”
сябуни lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
чер lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom
юнггу. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
| | 6: | Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya said:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Сябур lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
translation: ”Leave it empty.”
черсяява. lemma: tʹer°sʹə 'empty'
form: sg.nom.jus
alt.analysis: asrt
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: ”Later when we travel, maybe we will kill one or two more wild reindeer.”
ямдавани’ lemma: yamta 'move'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-1dl
ёльчанггана lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
маси” lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
нгоб’- lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
ильчaм’ lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
тамна lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
хадангуни’. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 1dl.fut
Юнггов”, lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
translation: ”No!”
сябуни lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
translation: ”My big sledge is empty,”
чер lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom
юнггуню”. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
alt.analysis: excl
Тарем’ lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: ”that’s very bad.”
вева. lemma: wǣwa 'bad'
form: adjective
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya harnessed four very black (reindeer),
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
чет lemma: tʹet° '4'
form: text numeral
парисем’ lemma: pərʹisʹeq° 'very black'
form: sg.acc
подернга, lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs
augmentative -ŋa ? (N. 139)
нгэдалэй”. lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
translation: (and) he took off.
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya stayed at home (lit. in the tent),
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
мякана lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
хаи, lemma: xay 'remain'
form: 3sg.prs
ханода lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: he prepared the sledges for travelling on the following day,
or sg.nom.poss-3sg ?
Nikolaeva: pl.acc.pl.3sg (but below: acc.pl.3sg)
хуняна lemma: xūnʹana 'tomorrow'
form: adverb
ямдаванчь lemma: yamta 'move'
form: conv.purp
хамидамбдакы, lemma: xamadamp° 'prepare'
form: 3sg.prs.prob-ipf
сода lemma: so 'harness'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: (and he) prepared the harnesses.
паклембадакы. lemma: pək°lʹempə 'put on'
form: 3sg.prs.prob-ipf
Яла’ lemma: yalʹa 'day'
form: sg.gen
translation: All day long there were no news of older Waya.
ямбан’ lemma: yampə 'long'
form: sg.dat
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Ваянт lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
сынгрёда lemma: siŋk°rʹo 'news, noise'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
юнггу. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
Хуркан’ lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.dat
translation: Evening came but still no older Waya.
??
нумта lemma: num 'sky'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
пэвсюмя, lemma: pǣw°sʹumʹa 'evening'
form: sg.nom
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
юнггу. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
| | 7: | Нгамгеда lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: What on earth happened to him?
хадкей”? lemma: xəd°ke 'happen'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: foc
Нгани’ lemma: ŋanʹi 'other'
form: adjective
translation: Another day came,
яля lemma: yalʹa 'day'
form: sg.nom
тo, lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs
нумта lemma: num 'sky'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: its sky got bright,
ялэма. lemma: yalema 'get bright'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: but still - no older Waya.
Вaй lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
тамна lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
юнггу. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
Пухучада lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His wife said:
манмa: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
Нгарей”, lemma: ŋarʹey°q 'hey!'
form: interjection
translation: ”Hey, my husband isn’t coming back!”
вэсакоми lemma: wǣsako 'old man, husband'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
тован’ lemma: to° 'come'
form: an-ipf.dat
ни lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: negation particle
харва”, lemma: xərwa 'want'
form: conneg
маси” lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
translation: ”Maybe he’s killed many wild reindeer,”
нгока lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
илебчам’ lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
хадавакы. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.pst.prob
Ёходакы? lemma: yoxo 'get lost'
form: 3sg.prs.prob-ipf
translation: ”(or) got lost?”
Падар lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.nom
translation: ”You go,”
хань”, lemma: xanʹ° 'go'
form: 2sg.imp
пюлсур. lemma: pʹū 'search'
form: 2sg.subj.inch.obj-sg
translation: ”you have to start searching for him!”
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya said:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Пюванчь lemma: pʹū 'search'
form: conv.purp
translation: ”If I am to go to start searching for him, you pull down the tent.”
хэб”нани lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
нгод” lemma: ŋod°q 'too'
form: adverb
чедав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
мял lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
хавра”! lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 2sg.imp
Мюдми’ lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.acc.poss-1dl
translation: ”And let’s harness a reindeer caravan.”
подерками’. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 1dl.hort.obj-sg
hortative (1st person imperative) -xə- or -kə- (N. 86)
| | 8: | Сеней lemma: sʹenʹey° 'before, old'
form: adjective
translation: ”You travel back over the old road,”
неда’ lemma: nʹeda 'old road'
form: sg.gen
мюмня lemma: mʹunʹa 'inside'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.prol
prolative form of a postposition (ʹthrough insideʹ, по срѣдѣ ?, N. 51)
пырдари’ lemma: pir°də 'back'
form: adv.gen.lim
ʹback and nothing elseʹ ? (N. 125)
genitive (?) not glossed by Nikolaeva
ямдад”. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 2sg.imp.refl
Мань lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: ”and I will go and search for my brother.”
нгани lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
нями lemma: nʹa (2) 'companion, brother'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
пюванчь lemma: pʹū 'search'
form: conv.purp
хантадм’. lemma: xanʹ° 'go'
form: 1sg.fut
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya harnessed his sister-in-law’s caravan.
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
нябанта lemma: nʹaba 'elder brotherʹs wife'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
мюдм’ lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.acc
подернгада. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Мята lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
translation: She took down the tent,
хавра, lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 3sg.prs
ханода lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: and prepared the sledges.
хура. lemma: xura° 'tie'
form: 3sg.prs
Нябада lemma: nʹaba 'elder brotherʹs wife'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His sister-in-law went back.
пырдари’ lemma: pir°də 'back'
form: adv.gen.lim
ямдэй”. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Нгани lemma: ŋanʹi 'other'
form: adjective
translation: He had been using harnessed reindeer for his sledge for a long time, the ones that have two crooked horns.
ханда lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
си” lemma: sʹi 'harnessed reindeer'
form: pl.nom
нгахат lemma: ŋaxət° 'before'
form: adv.abl
мэтада lemma: me 'use, take'
form: ptcp-ipf.poss-3sg
нгэдакы”, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob-ipf
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
нямд lemma: nʹamt° 'horn'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom
пай. lemma: pay° 'crooked'
form: adjective
Чикаюда lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: dl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: He harnessed (the two of) them.
подернга. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгамдюрта lemma: naro 'skin for sitting'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
translation: He put two iron bows under the skin used for sitting on the sledge, on the right hand side.
нгыл’, lemma: ŋil°h 'to under'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
хан’ lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen
вэ+ lemma: wǣ 'right'
form: adjective
ня’ lemma: nʹa 'at'
form: adjective
хэвувна lemma: xǣw° 'side'
form: sg.prol
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
еся lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
нгын lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.nom
пакле. lemma: pək°lʹe° 'put'
form: 3sg.prs
| | 9: | Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Then the younger Waya went back over his brother’s tracks.
lit. ʹthrough his brotherʹs goingʹ
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
нянта lemma: nʹa (2) 'companion, brother'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
хэ”мя’ lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: an-pf.gen
мюмня lemma: mʹunʹa 'inside'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.prol
хая. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгэдалёвада lemma: ŋǣdal 'travel'
form: an-ipf.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His tracks could be seen very well.
lit. ʹhis travellingʹ
сававна lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adv.prol
нгади. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs
Хуркари lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.lim
translation: It seemed the elder brother had been killing and skinning all sorts of wild reindeer, and then moving on even further.
xurka-rʹi ʹany kindʹ (N. 127)
илебча lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.acc
хадабасьтавы, lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.hab.infr-ipf
яхасьтавы, lemma: yax° 'skin'
form: 3sg.prs.hab.infr
тамна lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
нерня’ lemma: nʹer°nʹah 'forth'
form: adv.dat
хэсьтавы. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs.hab.infr
Нгамгэ’ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
translation: After a while, a river appeared in front of him.
ёльчанггана lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
нерняна lemma: nʹer°nʹana 'before'
form: adverb
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
яхаку lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.nom.dim
нгадимя. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya reached the other side of the river.
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
тяха lemma: tʹax° 'back'
form: adverb
ня’ lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
тэвы”. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Ов, lemma: ow° 'oh'
form: interjection
translation: “Oh, what’s that?”
такэми lemma: take 'that'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
нгамгэ? lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he saw:
манэнгада: lemma: məneq 'see'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: the older Waya lies dead on the top of his sledge.
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
хабэйнгэ lemma: xabey° 'dead'
form: sg.nom.ess
лясы lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: 3sg.prs
ханта lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
ниня. lemma: nʹinʹa 'on'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
Нгэвада lemma: ŋǣwa 'head'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His head was pierced by an arrow.
мынггхана lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
ядаравы. lemma: yədara 'pierce'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
| | 10: | Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya thought:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ихинянта lemma: yī 'mind'
form: sg.loc.poss-3sg
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Ов, lemma: ow° 'oh'
form: interjection
translation: “Oh, my poor older brother has been murdered.”
некаеми lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.nom.pej.poss-1sg
мале lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
хадаравы”. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.prs.pass.infr
suffix -ra-: ”derives lexical passives which belong to the reflexive past” (N. 226)
Хумбачи” lemma: xumpa°ncʹih 'in vain'
form: adverb
translation: ”What a shame he thought his cargo sledge was so empty,”
сябумта lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
черсядангэ lemma: tʹer°sʹə 'empty'
form: ptcp-ipf.ess
пэрмэда, lemma: pǣ°r 'treat'
form: 3sg.prs.infr.obj-sg
тамна lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
translation: ”it seems like he just wanted to kill more wild reindeer,”
сян lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
илебчам’ lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
хадаван’ lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-ipf.dat
харкавакы. lemma: xərwa 'want'
form: 3sg.pst.prob
Хаваримта lemma: xa 'die'
form: an-ipf.acc.lim.poss-3sg
translation: ”(but) he only found death.”
lit. ʹonly his dyingʹ
ховэда”. lemma: xo 'find'
form: 3sg.prs.infr.obj-sg
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya went further along the bank of the river where willow bushes grew.
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
нерня’ lemma: nʹer°nʹah 'forth'
form: adverb
нгэдалэй” lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
неро lemma: nʹero 'willow bush'
form: sg.nom
яхаку’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen.dim
варувна. lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.prol
Яхаку’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen.dim
translation: At the rivermouth there were two steep hills covered with snow.
няавхана lemma: nʹaqw° 'entry'
form: sg.loc
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
сырасавэй lemma: sira 'snow'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.propr
лангг lemma: ləŋk° 'steep hill'
form: sg.nom
танявы. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
Тэвмахаданта lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-3sg
translation: When he arrived, he saw two Tunguses (two painted faces) walking.
манэнгада: lemma: məneq 'see'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
finite clause as a direct object (cf. N. 285, example 4b)
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ядермэхэ’. lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
| | 11: | Екар”, lemma: yekar°q 'it is unknown'
form: particle
translation: It wasn’t clear why they were walking;
хаманчь lemma: xəqman 'what to say'
form: conv.mod
cf. N. 265
ядермы lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: ptcp-pf
нгэб”нанчи’, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond-emph.poss-3dl
маси” lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
translation: maybe they were hunting?
ханевакэхэ’? lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: 3dl.pst.prob
Тадхав’ lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adv.aff
translation: As soon as the two Tunguses saw the younger Waya, they readied their bows.
lit.: ʹand then, the two painted-faces, seeing the younger Waya, ready their bowsʹ
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Ваям’ lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.acc
манэчь lemma: məneq 'see'
form: conv.mod
нгынчи’ lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: dl.acc.poss-3dl
нярхалади’. lemma: nʹar°xəla° 'make ready'
form: 3dl.prs
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: What was younger Waya to do then?
lit. ʹwhat would W. wait for then?ʹ (?)
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: noun
чикавахана lemma: tʹukoxəna 'here'
form: adv.loc.aff
нгамгэн’ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.dat
нгаченанггу? lemma: ŋətʹenə 'wait'
form: 3sg.fut
Нгынамта lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
translation: He pulled out also his bow,
нгобчикы lemma: ŋobtʹiki° 'also'
form: adverb
нэкалнгада, lemma: nek°lŋa 'pull out'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: he pulled out two iron arrows.
еся lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
мынггм’ lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.acc
нэкалнга. lemma: nek°lŋa 'pull out'
form: 3sg.prs
Сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: The ends of the two iron arrows (were) like seagull’s beaks.
еся lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
мынгг lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom
малди’ lemma: mal° 'end'
form: pl.gen.poss-3dl
халэв lemma: xəlew° 'seagull'
form: sg.gen
нялха. lemma: piya 'nose'
form: sg.nom.sim.pred-3dl
sic!
similative adjective with -rəxa: ʹnose-like, носовитъʹ
predicative nominal endings - N. 76
Сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: He shot two arrows.
мынггм’ lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.acc
нгэдтангаюда. lemma: ŋǣd°taŋa 'send'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-dl
Сюдсавэй lemma: sʹud° 'whistle'
form: sg.nom.propr
translation: They went whistling.
хаяха’. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3dl.prs
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: Where would the two painted-faces go?
падвэхэ’ lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.dl
ханя’ lemma: xənʹah 'to where'
form: adv.dat
хантнгаха’? lemma: xanʹ° 'go'
form: 3dl.fut
| | 12: | Хась lemma: xa 'die'
form: conv.mod
translation: They fell on their backs dead.
лясэйха’. lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: 3dl.prs.refl
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya went back.
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
тяха’ lemma: tʹax° 'back'
form: adv.dat
нгэдалэй”. lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Сянат lemma: sʹanəd°h 'how much'
form: interrogative
translation: After travelling for a while, he arrived in a sloping land surrounded by a forest.
lit. ʹhowever much and far he would go...ʹ
хунат lemma: xunəd°h 'how far'
form: interrogative
мимбата lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: cond.poss-3sg
нгод” lemma: ŋod°q 'too'
form: adverb
пэдара’ lemma: pedara 'forest'
form: sg.gen
ёркан’ lemma: yorka 'curve'
form: sg.dat
тэвы”. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Пэдара’ lemma: pedara 'forest'
form: sg.gen
translation: There were ten big tents in that sloping forested land.
ёркахана lemma: yorka 'curve'
form: sg.loc
ю” lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
мя”. lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: pl.nom
Еръи lemma: yer 'middle'
form: adjective
translation: Somebody (was) sitting in front of the entrance of the middle tent.
мяд’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen
сингганя lemma: sʹīŋ 'side against an entrance'
form: sg.loc
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
нгамчёда. lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: ptcp-ipf
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: It seemed to be the Tungus chief;
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
нгэдакы, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
сята lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: his whole face (was) covered with tattoos.
малнгэ lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
падарцавэй. lemma: pad°r 'stripe, tattoo'
form: sg.nom.propr
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya looked and thought:
lit. ʹyounger Waya, looking, said in his mind:ʹ
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
сырчь lemma: siər 'look'
form: conv.mod
ихинянта lemma: yī 'mind'
form: sg.loc.poss-3sg
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Чедахав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “What would be best to do now?”
lit. ʹnow, how to be good?ʹ ??
хачер’ lemma: xəcʹer°q 'how''how'
form: interrogative
мэсь lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conv.mod
сава? lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: ”If I start using my bow against the Tungus chief, will I defeat him?”
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ервм’ lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.acc
нгынхана lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.loc
пяб”нани lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
пирдаленггув?” lemma: pʹir°dəqlʹe 'defeat'
form: 1sg.fut.obj-sg
| | 13: | Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he prepared his bow.
нгынамта lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
нярхалада. lemma: nʹar°xəla° 'make ready'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Мынггда lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: He only had six arrows.
матпой. lemma: mət°q '6'
form: text numeral
alt.analysis: sg.nom.moder
moderative -(m)poy°h: ”high degree of the property expressed by the adjective” (N. 135)
Нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
translation: The Tungus chief couldn’t be killed with a single arrow.
lit. ʹis not being killed/killable (оубиваемъ) with one arrowʹ ?
мынггхана lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
хадабада lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: ptcp-ipf.dur
durative -bə (N. 45) in a present passive function (N. 240)
ни lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: negation particle
нга”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
Мат” lemma: mət°q '6'
form: text numeral
translation: Maybe he could kill him if he shot all six arrows.
мынггхана lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
енерпата lemma: yenʹer 'shoot'
form: cond.poss-3sg
маси” lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
хадабсуда. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.nec.obj-sg
necessitative -pcu: ”1st and 3rd person necessitative conveys expectation, some degree of certainty about a future event (‘should’), or deontic obligation” (N. 91)
Чедахав lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: Younger Waya tied up his reindeer,
нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
тыда lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
сяра, lemma: sʹarə° 'tie'
form: 3sg.prs
тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: he took his bow and arrows,
нгынамта, lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
мынггда lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
нгобкана lemma: ŋobk°na 'together, also'
form: adverb
нямыда, lemma: nʹəqm° 'grab'
form: 3sg.infr.obj-pl
мядо” lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: pl.gen
translation: and he went to hide amongst the tents.
ня’ lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
лынггара lemma: liŋkara 'hide'
form: conv.mod
хая. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгули” lemma: ŋulʹiq 'very'
form: adverb
translation: He moved very quietly so that nobody could hear any noise.
янамбоковна lemma: yana 'quiet'
form: sg.nom.moder.dim
минга, lemma: mʹiŋa 'move'
form: 3sg.prs
сесарёмтв lemma: siŋk°rʹo 'news, noise'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
thus in Cyr., possessor is marked as 2sg by Nikolaeva (typo? poss-2sg suffix is -mt° on p.67)
ниичь lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3pl.pst.subj
намд”. lemma: nəmt° 'hear'
form: conneg
Та’ lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: adv.gen
translation: The Tungus chief sat on his sledge,
ёльчанггана lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
хан’ lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen
ниня lemma: nʹinʹa 'on'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
нгамты, lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: 3sg.prs
яндавна lemma: yan°da 'everywhere'
form: pl.prol
translation: he looked around.
сысумби. lemma: si°sumpʹi 'look around'
form: 3sg.prs
| | 14: | Нгамгэрт lemma: ŋəmkexərt° 'nothing'
form: sg.nom.foc
translation: He didn’t seem to notice anything.
манэтада lemma: məneq 'see'
form: ptcp-ipf.poss-3sg
юнггорха. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.3sg.aprx-ipf
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he took off his overcoat,
сокамта lemma: so°kə 'overcoat'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
екада, lemma: yeka° 'take off'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
мят’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
translation: and he went into the tent.
тю. lemma: tʹu 'enter'
form: 3sg.prs
Пихиня lemma: pʹīx°nʹa 'outside'
form: adv.loc
translation: There was absolutely no one walking around outside;
адертаду’ lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: ptcp-ipf.poss-3pl
нгули” lemma: ŋulʹiq 'very'
form: adverb
юнггу, lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
нгобкарт lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
alt.analysis: sg.foc
translation: not a dog, not even a child.
вэнеку, lemma: wenʹako 'dog'
form: sg.nom
нгавэй lemma: ŋawey° 'even'
form: conjunction
нгачекы lemma: ŋəcʹeki° 'child'
form: sg.nom
ядерчь. lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: conv.mod
”converbs do not occur in the independent function” (N. 110)
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya, hiding amongst the sledges, reached the middle tent.
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
хано” lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.gen
помна lemma: pom°na 'between'
form: preposition
лынггара lemma: liŋkara 'hide'
form: conv.mod
еръи lemma: yer 'middle'
form: adjective
мят’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
тэвы’. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Чёрей”: lemma: tʹorʹ 'shout'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
translation: He shouted:
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: “Tungus chief, will you die in your tent?”
парвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
нрвэ”, lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.foc
thus in Cyr.!
мяканант lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc.poss-2sg
хась lemma: xa 'die'
form: conv.mod
пянггур, lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 2sg.fut.obj-sg
пин’ lemma: pʹīn°h 'out'
form: adv.dat
translation: “(or) will you come out?”
тарпнггун? lemma: tərp° 'exit'
form: 2sg.fut
Мяд’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen
translation: He heard shouting inside the tent:
lit. ʹinside the tent, (there was) his shouting to hearʹ ?
мюня lemma: mʹunʹa 'inside'
form: adv.loc
чёр lemma: tʹorʹ 'shout'
form: 3sg.prs
совононта: lemma: so (2) 'hear'
form: 3sg.prs.aud.poss-3sg
auditive -manoh: evidential, ”auditory perceptions, as opposed to information received based on visual evidence” (N. 113), a non-finite form!
Хибя lemma: xībʹa 'who'
form: sg.nom
translation: “Who’s there?”
то? lemma: to 'there'
form: adverb
Нет’ lemma: nʹer°q 'before'
form: adverb
translation: “There was nobody outside before!”
пихиня lemma: pʹīx°nʹa 'outside'
form: adv.loc
хибярт lemma: xībʹaxərt° 'nobody'
form: sg.nom
юнггусь! lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.pst
| | 15: | Хибя lemma: xībʹa 'who'
form: sg.nom
translation: “Who comes?”
тута? lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.fut
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: “Your younger Waya is there!”
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
то! lemma: to 'there'
form: adverb
Неками lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.nom/acc.poss-1sg
translation: ”What were you doing, Tungus chief, when you killed my older brother?”
lit. ʹby killing my brother, o painted-face chief, what were you like?ʹ
Хадавахана lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-ipf.loc
падар, lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.nom
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
нрвнгэ, lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.ess
нгамгэрханась. lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.sim
alt.analysis: 2sg.pst
Чедав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: ”Now I’ll find out what kind of person you are.”
манэт” lemma: məneq 'see'
form: conneg.fut
нявам” lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.1sg.prs.obj-sg
alt.analysis: dub
хуркан lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
нгэнггобат. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond-fut.dur.poss-2sg
Nikolaeva commonly glosses imperfectivizing affixes as durative (-mpə or -bə), iterative and frequentative (N. 45) simply as ”impf”.
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: The Tungus jumped out.
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
пин’ lemma: pʹīn°h 'out'
form: adv.dat
тарада. lemma: təra° 'jump'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Сюдобя lemma: sʹudobʹa 'giant'
form: adjective
translation: He pulled out his giant bow to shoot.
lit. ʹfor his shootingʹ (стрѣлꙗнїа своего ради)
нгынамта lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
нэкалнгада lemma: nek°lŋa 'pull out'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
енерманда lemma: yenʹer 'shoot'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-3sg
еэмня. lemma: yeqm°nʹa 'for'
form: preposition
Мале lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
translation: He was about to loose an arrow, but the string of his bow broke.
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
мынгм lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.acc
нгэдтанггусь, lemma: ŋǣd°taŋa 'send'
form: 3sg.fut-pst
N.: ŋǣdara-ŋku-sʹ°
нгынта lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
ен lemma: yen° 'string'
form: sg.nom
ныклы. lemma: nik°li 'break'
form: 3sg.prs
Та’ lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: sg.gen
translation: Younger Waya shot a metal arrow without delay.
lit. ʹduring this (at the same time), your younger Waya, not delaying, shoots a metal arrowʹ
ёльчанггана lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
нись lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.pst
ламгарю” lemma: yaholara 'be late'
form: conneg
sic
еся lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
| | 16: | мынггахана lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
ядада. lemma: yada° 'shoot'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Мынггда lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: And his arrow went whistling off.
нгани’ lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
сюдсавэй lemma: sʹud° 'whistle'
form: sg.nom.propr
хая. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: The Tungus chief fell on his back.
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ервъя lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.aug
тари lemma: tərʹi 'just'
form: adverb
лясэй” lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
маханта lemma: məxa 'back'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
ни’. lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: adv.dat
Хаванта lemma: xa 'die'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-3sg
translation: He said before dying:
lit. ʹbefore his dyingʹ, the word glossed as ”inf.impf” by Nikolaeva
нерня lemma: nʹer°nʹana 'before'
form: adverb
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Хумбачи” lemma: xumpa°ncʹih 'in vain'
form: adverb
translation: ”A shame I let you go (lit. sent).”
сит lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.gen/acc (short)
нгэдарадамчь. lemma: ŋǣdara 'send'
form: 1sg.pst
Некамт lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.acc.poss-2sg
translation: ”I should have killed you too, when I killed your elder brother.”
lit. ʹduring the killing of your brother, I have had to kill you tooʹ
хадавани lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-1sg
мальнггана lemma: malʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: adv.loc
сит lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.gen/acc (short)
нгобтарем’ lemma: ŋobtərʹem 'so, too'
form: adverb
хада lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: conv.mod
тарась. lemma: taraə 'need'
form: 3sg.pst
Чедахав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: ”It looks like I’m about to die.”
хавнтархадм’. lemma: xa 'die'
form: 1sg.fut.aprx
Чикы lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: Having said these words, the Tungus chief died.
вадида lemma: wadʹi 'word'
form: pl.nom/acc.poss-3sg
мэсомаданта lemma: me 'use, take'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-3sg
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
ха. lemma: xa 'die'
form: 3sg.prs
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya shouted:
lit. ʹsent a shoutʹ
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
чёр lemma: tʹorʹ 'shout'
form: sg.acc
нгэдара: lemma: ŋǣdara 'send'
form: 3sg.prs
Ю” lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
translation: “Everyone in these ten tents, come out!”
мяд’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen
чер”, lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: pl.nom
”The expression of content often involves the additional word tʹer° roughly meaning ‘content’. It stands after the genitive noun denoting a container and functions as some kind of postposition in this case.” (N. 164)
| | 17: | пин’ lemma: pʹīn°h 'out'
form: adv.dat
тарпыда”! lemma: tərp° 'exit'
form: 2pl.imp
Чедахав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “Now, your chief is no more.”
ервра” lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.poss-2pl
мале lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
юнггума. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.inch
Тюку lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “Move away from this land, quickly!”
яхад lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.abl
мер’ lemma: mʹer° 'fast'
form: adv.gen
ямдаида”! lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 2pl.conj.refl
Тюку lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “This is probably the Wayas’ ancient land.”
я lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.nom
нгахат lemma: ŋaxət° 'before'
form: adv.abl
вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
я lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.nom
нгэдакы. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Нябта” lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.cond.poss-3sg
translation: “If you don’t leave, everybody in the camp will die.”
lit. ʹwill killʹ ??
the verb is clearly a transitive one
ямда” lemma: yamta 'move'
form: conneg
мал’ lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
нгысы’ lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.gen
чер lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom
хаданггун. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 2sg.fut
Тадхав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: Then the younger Waya went to the outermost tent.
нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
вары lemma: wari° 'outermost'
form: adjective
мят’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
хая. lemma: xaya
form: 3sg.prs
Вары lemma: wari° 'outermost'
form: adjective
translation: There was an old woman in this outermost tent,
мякана lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
пухучакумю, lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.dim
alt.analysis: excl
сята lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: her face was without tattoos.
падарчи. lemma: pad°r 'stripe, tattoo'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: sg.nom.car
caritive (abessive) derivate, inflected form: ʹbe without ...ʹ (N. 37)
Едм lemma: yed° 'kettle'
form: sg.acc
translation: She seemed to be cooking.
пиревы. lemma: pʹirʹe 'cook'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
Вавхана lemma: waqw 'bed'
form: sg.loc
translation: Somebody was lying on the bed,
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
хонёда lemma: xonʹo 'sleep'
form: ptcp-ipf
юсида, lemma: yūsʹida 'lie'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: 3sg.pst
sic
илхы lemma: yil°ŋi° 'young'
form: adjective
translation: it seemed like a young man.
хасава lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
нгэрханю”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
alt.analysis: excl
| | 18: | Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: When the younger Waya entered the tent, the old woman started waking up the sleeping one:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
мят’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
omitted in Nikolaeva’s transcript
тюмахад lemma: tʹu 'enter'
form: an-pf.abl
пухучакор lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.dim.poss-2sg
хонёдамта lemma: xonʹo 'sleep'
form: ptcp-ipf.acc.poss-3sg
юркабта lemma: yurkiə 'wake up'
form: conv.mod
пяда: lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Юркад”, lemma: yurkiə 'wake up'
form: 2sg.imp.refl
translation: “Wake up,”
ехэрана lemma: yexara 'not know'
form: ptcp-ipf
translation: “there’s a stranger here!”
ненэчь’ lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.gen
glossed without a case
то! lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs
Хонювы lemma: xonʹo 'sleep'
form: ptcp-pf
translation: The man who had been sleeping sat up.
хасавар lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
нгамчё lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: conv.mod
хамы”. lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: He didn’t seem to have any tattoos either.
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
нгобтарем’ lemma: ŋobtərʹem 'so, too'
form: adverb
нявы lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.infr
alt.analysis: ptcp-pf
нга”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya sat on the bed.
Ваяр lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
ваван’ lemma: waqw 'bed'
form: sg.dat
нгамты”. lemma: ŋamti
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Илхы lemma: yil°ŋi° 'young'
form: adjective
translation: The young man said:
хасавар lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгамгэ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
translation: “What tribe are you?”
lit. ʹwhat is your person(hood)ʹ, i.e. ʹwho are youʹ ?
ненэчант? lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
Мань lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: (Younger Waya said:) “I am the younger Waya.”
нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Ваядм’ lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
alt.analysis: 1sg.prs
нгэ” lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
нидам”. lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.1sg.prs
alt.analysis: foc
Падар lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.nom
translation: “And what tribe are you?”
Nikolaeva: ʹAnd who are you?ʹ
нгани lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
нгамгэ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
неннэчант? lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
Чехэ lemma: tʹexe 'that'
form: sg.nom
translation: (Young man answered:) “My old tribe was probably Waya.”
панггами lemma: paŋk° 'tribe'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
нгэдякы. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
| | 19: | Нюми lemma: nʹu 'name'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
translation: “My name is Lobeku.”
Лобеку. lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
translation: (Younger Waya asked:) “If you are Waya, how did you end up in this camp, the Tungus camp?”
нгэб”нант lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond-emph.poss-2sg
хачер’ lemma: xəcʹer°q 'how''how'
form: interrogative
Еремян lemma: yerʹemʹa 'happen (to come?)'
form: 2sg.prs
тюку lemma: tʹuku 'this'
form: demonstrative
нгысын’, lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.dat
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы’ lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.gen
нгысын? lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.dat
Нгавнанта lemma: ŋaw°na 'past'
form: adv.poss-3sg
translation: (Lobeku said:) “Long ago I had two elder brothers, both Wayas.”
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
неками lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.nom/acc.poss-1sg
танявась. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3sg.pst.infr
Илебчи” lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.gen
translation: “They went to hunt for wild reindeer.”
нямна lemma: nʹamna 'about'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.abl
ханеванчь lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: conv.purp
хаяханчь. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3dl.pst
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: “When they left, they never came back.”
хэб”нанчи’ lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: cond-emph.poss-3dl
пырдари’ lemma: pir°də 'back'
form: adv.lim
нихинчь lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3dl.pst
ту”. lemma: to° 'come'
form: conneg
Ханявахана lemma: xənʹax°wana 'somewhere'
form: adverb
translation: “They must have died somewhere.”
юнггумэхэ’. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.3dl.prs.infr
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: “After that the Tungus chief came,”
чикахад lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.abl
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
тось, lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.pst
сидни’ lemma: sʹid° 'we (2)'
form: 1dl.acc
translation: “(and) he took us in.”
ханась. lemma: xana 'take'
form: 3sg.pst
Нгадьбяни lemma: ŋədʹ°bʹa 'therefore'
form: adv.poss-1sg
translation: “That’s why I live in this camp with my mother now.”
чеда’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adverb
небяни lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
ня’ lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
”grammaticalized non-local meaning ʹwithʹ” (N. 52)
тюку lemma: tʹuku 'this'
form: demonstrative
нгусуна lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.loc
иледм’. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 1sg.prs
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya said:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ма+ lemma: ma 'say'
form: conneg
нма: lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
Чедахав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “I have killed all the Tungus now.”
lit. ʹall our Tungusʹ ?
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвыни lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.poss-1pl
| | 20: | мал’ lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
хадэнась. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 1sg.pst.obj-pl
Падар lemma: pidər°
form: 2sg.nom
translation: “You take down your tent,”
нгани lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
мял lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
хаврад, lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 2sg.imp
ямдахава”! lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 1pl.hort
translation: “(and) let’s move on.”
Пухучаку lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.dim
translation: The old woman ate some food or maybe not, but she took down the tent.
едамта lemma: yed° 'kettle'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
нгамдакы, lemma: ŋəm 'eat'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
нянякы, lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.prs.prob
тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
мята lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
хавра. lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 3sg.prs
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya ordered:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
табедада: lemma: tabʹeda° 'order'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Лобэку, lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
translation: “Lobeku, if you have good reindeer, only good reindeer should be harnessed in our caravan.”
lit. ʹour caravan should be harnessed by good reindeer onlyʹ ?
сава lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
ты” lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.gen
табяб” lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: cond.poss-3sg
мюдва” lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.nom.poss-1pl
савари lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.lim
тэхэ”на lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.loc
подермы lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: ptcp-pf
нгэя. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
Тайкуй lemma: tay°kuna 'there'
form: adv.loc
translation: “There are some good sledges over there.”
сава lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
хан” lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.nom
таня”. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3pl.prs
Чикы lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “Choose a sledge for yourself from among those sledges.”
ханхат lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.abl
хандар lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.nom.predest-2sg
сода”! lemma: soda° 'take along'
form: 2sg.imp
Лобэку lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
translation: Lobeku took ten sledges, ten Tungus sledges.
ю” lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
ханм’ lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc
сода, lemma: soda° 'take along'
form: 3sg.prs
ю” lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
тунггус’ lemma: tuŋkos° 'Tungus'
form: sg.gen
ханм’. lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc
Тыда lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3d
translation: He harnessed his reindeer.
подеръяда. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-pl
| | 21: | Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya said:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: “No matter how many reindeer the Tungus had, let them walk behind our caravan.”
падвыни lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.gen.poss-1sg
ты” lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom
сянгок lemma: sʹaŋok° 'how many'
form: interrogative
нгэса, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.inter
interrogative mood (N. 97)
тангок lemma: təŋok° 'this many'
form: relative
мюдна” lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.gen.poss-1pl
пумна lemma: pūmna 'behind'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
танавы lemma: tana 'walk'
form: ptcp-pf
нгэя”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.juss
Сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: “The Tungus usually have many reindeer,”
падвы” lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.pl.gen
тыду’ lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-3pl
нгока lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
нгэсьты”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.hab
Тюку lemma: tʹuku 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “(but) all these reindeer were probably stolen.”
ты” lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom
малнгэ lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
талевы lemma: talʹe 'steal'
form: ptcp-pf
нгэдакы”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob
Нгадьбяни lemma: ŋədʹ°bʹa 'therefore'
form: adverb
translation: “That’s why I say that it would be best to take them all away.”
мадм’, lemma: ma 'say'
form: 1sg.prs
мал’ lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
ханаб” lemma: xana 'take'
form: cond.poss-3sg
сава. lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then they moved on.
ямдэйд”. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
Нюдя lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya reached (the place where) his murdered brother lay.
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
хадавы lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: ptcp-pf
некаханта lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.dat.poss-3sg
тэвы”. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Тыда lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: He unharnessed his reindeer,
нгэда, lemma: ŋǣda° 'unharness'
form: 3sg.prs
хальмерамта lemma: xalmʹer° 'corpse'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
translation: (and) he put the dead body on the sledge.
хан’ lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen
ни’ lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
пэнгада. lemma: peŋa 'put'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: After a while they reached older Waya’s camp.
чикахад lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.abl
нгэмгэ’ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
ёльченггана lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
нгaрка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Вай’ lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
нгысын’ lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.dat
тэвыд”. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
| | 22: | Хальмерамту’ lemma: xalmʹer° 'corpse'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
translation: They put the dead body onto two skins.
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
хоба’ lemma: xoba 'skin'
form: sg.gen
ни’ lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
пэнгаду’. lemma: peŋa 'put'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Лобэку’ lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
translation: Lobeku’s mother said:
небя lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
манма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгaмчида lemma: ŋəmcʹida 'flesh, muscles'
form: sg.nom
translation: “His muscles are still good.”
тамна lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
сава”. lemma: səwa 'good'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
Хадри’ lemma: xəd°rʹih 'of course'
form: adv.dat.lim
translation: “I might try to revive him.”
илебче lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: conv.mod.caus
хортанакэв. lemma: xorta 'try'
form: 1sg.prs.prob.obj-sg
Чедав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “Make a big fire now!”
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
тура” lemma: tu 'fire'
form: sg.acc.predest-2pl
пятада”! lemma: pʹata 'ignite'
form: 2pl.imp
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: They made a big fire.
тумту’ lemma: tu 'fire'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
пята”. lemma: pʹata 'ignite'
form: 3pl.prs
Чикавахана lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.nom.aff
translation: Then Lobeku’s mother laid herself on the dead body,
Лобэку’ lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
Небя lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
хальмерта lemma: xalmʹer
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
ни’ lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
пындерий”, lemma: pintʹery° 'lay'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: cc
translation: and she kicked around its flanks.
хэвхэда lemma: xǣw°xe 'be aside'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
ptcp-ipf ?
нямна lemma: nʹamna 'about'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.abl
сухубтада. lemma: suxubta° 'kick'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Хавы lemma: xa 'die'
form: ptcp-pf
translation: The dead man moved his arms and legs,
ненэчь’ lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.gen
нхудида, lemma: ŋudʹi 'arm'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
нгэда lemma: ŋǣ (2) 'leg'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
мансабтэйда, lemma: məncabte 'move'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-pl
сэвда lemma: sǣw° 'eye'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: and he opened his eyes.
нянггарнга. lemma: nʹaŋk°rŋa 'open'
form: 3sg.prs
Лобэку’ lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
translation: Lobeku’s mother said:
небя lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Тамнарка. lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adv.comp
translation: “It’s not over yet.”
comparative -rka: comparison, low intensity (N. 133)
| | 23: | Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: “Let him lie in the heat of the big fire.”
ту’ lemma: tu 'fire'
form: sg.gen
ядёхана lemma: yadʹo 'heat'
form: sg.loc
юсидая. lemma: yūsʹida 'lie'
form: 3sg.juss
Пуна lemma: pūna 'after'
form: adv.loc
translation: “Later he will sit up himself.”
харта lemma: xər° 'self'
form: refl.3sg
нгамчё lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: conv.mod
хамсу”. lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.nec.refl
Нгамгэ’ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
translation: After a while older Waya sat up.
ёльчанггана lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
нгамчё lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: conv.mod
хамыˮ. lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Илена lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: ptcp-ipf
translation: He came back to life.
lit. ʹhe went in likeness of a living manʹ ?
ненэчь’ lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.gen
толхангэ lemma: toql°xa 'like'
form: sg.nom.ess
хая. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Лобэку’ lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
translation: Lobeku’s mother said:
небя lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: “I have brought older Waya back to life.”
Ваями lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.acc.poss-1sg
илебчевась. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 1sg.prs.caus.obj-sg
Нготанго” lemma: ŋotaŋoq 'anyway'
form: particle
translation: “But in any case I myself won’t live long.”
харни lemma: xər° 'self'
form: refl.1sg
понку’ lemma: pon°ku 'long'
form: adv.dat
илевндадм’ lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: ptcp-fut.poss-1sg
вунидм’ lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.1sg
нга”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
Хадри’ lemma: xəd°rʹih 'of course'
form: adv.dat.lim
translation: “I will probably die.”
хавнтархадм’. lemma: xa 'die'
form: 1sg.fut.aprx
Хаб”нани lemma: xa 'die'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
translation: “When I die, that tent over there will be used as my death bed.”
lit. ʹin case of my dying, I may use ...ʹ
тайкуй lemma: tay°kuy° 'that'
form: demonstrative
мями lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-1sg
мярондани lemma: mʹaron 'dying tent'
form: sg.gen.predest-1sg
мэцакэв. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 1sg.pot.obj-sg
potential mood: 1st person expresses a promise for event in a remote time, a mere possibility (N. 92)
| | 24: | Мань lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: “After I die, kill a reindeer calf by the door of my tent,”
ха”махадни lemma: xa 'die'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-1sg
мяни lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
нёхона lemma: nʹo 'door'
form: sg.loc
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
суляком’ lemma: su°qlʹa 'calf'
form: sg.acc.dim
хадаида”, lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 2pl.subj
си’ lemma: sʹīŋ 'side against an entrance'
form: sg.gen
translation: “(and) kill a reindeer bull at the side on entrance.”
няна lemma: nʹa 'at'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
хорам’ lemma: xora 'bull'
form: sg.acc
хадаида”. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 2pl.subj
Чиканта lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
translation: “That will be enough.”
мась lemma: masʹ° 'enough'
form: adverb
нгэнггу. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.fut
Мань lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: “I will become a spirit protector for women.”
lit. ʹI will go further as a spirit-grannyʹ ?
нгани lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
яминя lemma: yamʹīnʹa 'female spirit'
form: sg.nom
пухучангэ lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.ess
хатадм’. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 1sg.fut
Чи, lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
translation: That’s what they did.
тарем’ lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
сертаду’. lemma: sʹerta 'do'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Тарем’ lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: After that, older Waya said:
сертамахаданту’ lemma: sʹerta 'do'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-3pl
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Харди’ lemma: xəd°rʹih 'of course'
form: adv.dat.lim
translation: “We’ll definitely move on.”
ямданггуна”. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 1pl.fut.refl
Чедав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “We have many reindeer now,”
тына” lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-1pl
нгоканю”, lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: excl
несяй lemma: nʹesey° 'new'
form: adjective
translation: “it would be best to move on.”
ян’ lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.dat
ямдаб” lemma: yamta 'move'
form: cond
сава. lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: So they moved on.
ямдэйд”. lemma: yamteyə 'move on'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: They put up their tents in the middle of a big plain.
лабта’ lemma: ləbta 'plain'
form: sg.gen
ерня lemma: yer 'middle'
form: sg.loc
мяту’ lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
мяра’. lemma: mʹarə° 'build'
form: 3pl.prs
| | 25: | Сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: Both Wayas were hunting again, Lobeku too.
lit. ʹхождаахѫ ловитъʹ
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
нгани’ lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
ханеванчь lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: conv.purp
хэсетыни’, lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3dl.hab
Лобэку lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
нгобтарем’. lemma: ŋobtərʹem 'so, too'
form: adverb
Ёрпату’ lemma: yo°r 'fish'
form: cond.poss-3pl
translation: They went fishing as well.
lit. ʹif they would fish, there were fishingʹ ?
ёрчеты”. lemma: yo°r 'fish'
form: 3pl.hab
Вэнуй lemma: wǣqnuy° 'spring'
form: sg.nom
translation: Spring came.
”Some weather-related expressions are formally transitive” (N. 229)
нувода lemma: num 'sky'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
пяйда. lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Нгаву” lemma: ŋəwoq 'once'
form: adverb
translation: One day, Lobeku said to the two Wayas:
пиркана lemma: pʹir° 'likeness'
form: pl.loc
Лобэку lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
хасава lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Вайхаюта lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: dl.gen.poss-3sg
ня lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Юдэми lemma: yude 'dream'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
translation: “I had a dream.”
lit. ʹa dream of mine existsʹ
таня. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3sg.prs
Юдэрпанни lemma: yude 'dream'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
translation: “In my dream a traveller came here from the place where that Tungus was killed,”
сеней lemma: sʹenʹey° 'before, old'
form: adverb
Cyr. writing is the same for sʹeney° and sʹenʹey° used above.
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвым’ lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.acc
хадаˮмахад lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-pf.abl
тальня’ lemma: təqlʹ°nʹah 'to here'
form: adv.dat
нгэдалёда lemma: ŋǣdal 'travel'
form: ptcp-ipf
минга, lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: 3sg.prs
миндярха. lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
”present and past [approximative] exist in perfective and imperfective forms” (N. 101)
Сеней lemma: sʹenʹey° 'before, old'
form: adverb
translation: “It seems that that murdered Tungus chief is alive,”
хадавы lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: ptcp-pf
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
иленарха, lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
тальня lemma: təqlʹ°nʹah 'to here'
form: adv.dat
translation: “and he is coming here.”
миндярха, lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
торха. lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
Нярхавы lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.prs.rep
translation: “It seems he didn’t die.”
reportative -rəxawi: unwitnessed event known from hearsay, speaker less certain than in inferential (N. 96)
ха”. lemma: xa 'die'
form: conneg
| | 26: | Сянри lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.lim
translation: A few days passed.
яла lemma: yalʹa 'day'
form: sg.nom
хэнякы. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Нгвмгэ’ lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
translation: After a while a traveller did indeed appear.
ёльчанггана lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
чи lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: adverb
нгэ” lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
нив”, lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
нэдалёда lemma: ŋǣdal 'travel'
form: ptcp-ipf
ненэсяри lemma: nʹenesʹa 'truth'
form: sg.nom.lim
нго” lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
нгaдимя. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
Сиив lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: He came riding seven reindeer does.
хабтаркам’ lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.acc
мэнга. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 3sg.prs
Нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: Older Waya said to Lobeku:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
Лобэку lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
хасаван’ lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.dat
ма: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
Юдэна lemma: yude 'dream'
form: sg.loc
translation: “Is this the one you dreamt about?”
манэмэр lemma: məneq 'see'
form: ptcp-pf.poss-2sg
чии? lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
Нгаа, lemma: ŋa°q 'yes'
form: particle
translation: (Lobeku said:) “Yes, it seems to be him.”
чикар lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
alt.analysis: sg.nom.poss-2sg
нгэрханю”. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
alt.analysis: excl
Сиеками lemma: sʹiyek° 'lie'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
translation: “I don’t lie.”
юнггу. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
Та lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: adverb
translation: (Older Waya said:) “Then let him come!”
нгэя, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
нгэя, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
тоява! lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.juss
alt.analysis: asrt
Ненэся lemma: nʹenesʹa 'truth'
form: sg.nom
translation: The Tungus chief was indeed coming,
нго” lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
минга, lemma: mʹiŋa 'move'
form: 3sg.prs
сиив lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: he travelled using seven reindeer does.
хабтаркам’ lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.acc
мэчь lemma: me 'use, take'
form: conv.mod
нгэдалы. lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs
Мале lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
translation: He was already close by.
тальня’ lemma: təqlʹ°nʹah 'to here'
form: adv.dat
то. lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs
Неро lemma: nʹero 'willow bush'
form: sg.nom
translation: He was about to cross the river with bushes,
яхам’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.acc
маданггудась, lemma: məda 'cut'
form: 3sg.fut-pst.obj-sg
сиив lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: (but) his seven reindeer does suddenly jerked.
“This can perhaps be literally interpreted as ‘to (suddenly) pull on the harness’ even though the referent ‘harness’ does not need to have been mentioned previously.” (N. 230)
хабтаркада lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
лэркабт’ lemma: ler°kəbt°h 'suddenly'
form: adverb
варчадтеду’. lemma: wərcʹad°tʹe° 'pull'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Пада lemma: pida 'he'
form: m.3sg.nom
translation: He fell from the sledge and sank into the water.
нгани lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
ханхад lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.abl
лясё lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: conv.mod
хамы”, lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
ит’ lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.dat
сэя. lemma: seyə° 'sink'
form: 3sg.prs
Сян lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
translation: He couldn’t be seen any longer.
lit. ʹindeed, anything (of him) was not visibleʹ ?
ни lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
нгадив”. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: dub
Ит’ lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.dat
translation: He probably drowned.
сэянакы. lemma: seyə° 'sink'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Чи, lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
translation: When this happened, Lobeku grabbed his lasso,
тарча lemma: tərcʹa 'such'
form: adjective
сер’ lemma: sʹer° 'thing'
form: sg.gen
нгэсь lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conv.mod
Лобеку lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
хасава lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
тынчамта lemma: tīncʹa 'lasso'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
нямада, lemma: nʹəqm° 'grab'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
тэмгам’ lemma: tǣmk° 'good reindeer'
form: sg.acc
translation: (and) he caught the (Tungus chief’s) best reindeer, while the does were climbing up to the riverbank.
яркада lemma: yarkə° 'catch'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
хабтаркыда lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: pl.gen.poss-3sg
яха’ lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
варувна lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.prol
танданан’. lemma: tən°da 'climb'
form: ptcp-ipf.dat
Тад lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he unharnessed his reindeer.
тыда lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
нгэдэйда. lemma: ŋǣda° 'unharness'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-pl
| | 27: | Нарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: Older Waya said:
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ма+ lemma: ma 'say'
form: conneg
нма: lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
Тарем’ lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: “Let it be so.”
нгэя. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
Сиив lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: “We will harness his seven reindeer does.”
хабтаркамта lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
маня” lemma: mənʹaq 'we'
form: 1sg.nom
мэтнакэва”. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 1pl.fut.prob
Чедахав’ lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “Now that the Tungus chief has drowned in the river, he will surely die,”
сяд lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
падвы lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ерв lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
ит’ lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.dat
сэя”махад lemma: seyə° 'sink'
form: an-pf.abl
пили” lemma: pʹilʹiq 'always'
form: adverb
ханггу, lemma: xa 'die'
form: 3sg.fut
сян lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
translation: “(and) he won’t come back.”
ни lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
тут”. lemma: to° 'come'
form: conneg.fut
Хуркаси” lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: sg.nom.car
translation: “We will probably live without any troubles.”
хараси” lemma: xəra
form: sg.nom.car
иленггоданакэва”. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 1pl.fut.prob
Чи, lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
translation: This is the end of my tale.
лаханакони lemma: ləx°nako 'tale'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
та lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: adverb
валакада. lemma: walakə 'end'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
Сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: The two Wayas started living with Lobeku in the same camp.
Вай, lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
Лoбэку lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
хасава lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
нгоб” lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
нгысына lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.loc
иле lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: conv.mod
пяду’. lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 3pl.obj-pl
Лобэку lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
translation: Lobeku married older Waya’s daughter.
lit. ʹtook for a wifeʹ
хасава lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
нгарка lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Вай’ lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
не lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: nmod
нюм’ lemma: nʹū 'child'
form: sg.acc
неданта lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.gen.dim.predest-3sg
мэда. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Сававна lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.prol
translation: He started to live well
илелий”. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3sg.prs.inch.refl
Сидя lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: And the two Wayas kept hunting wild reindeer,
Вай lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
нгани’ lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
илебчь’ lemma: yilʹebcʹə
form: sg.gen
нямна lemma: nʹamna 'about'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.abl
ханедетыхи’, lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: 3dl.hab
халям’ lemma: xalʹa 'fish'
form: sg.acc
translation: and (they kept) catching fish.
хадабасетыхи’. lemma: xadabə 'catch'
form: 3dl.hab
Лаханакони lemma: ləx°nako 'tale'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
translation: That’s the end of my tale.
lit. ʹsuch (is) the likeness of my taleʹ
пирда. lemma: pʹir° 'likeness'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
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